• Linux boot up process - Upstart

    Booting a Linux installation involves multiple stages and software components, including firmware initialization, execution of a boot loader, loading and startup of a Linux kernel image, and execution of various startup scripts and daemons. In the previous post, sysvinit is discussed. Now we look into upstart. Upstart is an event-based...


  • VLAN Routing and Bridging on a Cisco Router Using the IRB

    In order for a VLAN to span a router, the router must be capable of forwarding frames from one interface to another, while maintaining the VLAN header. If the router is configured for routing a Layer 3 (network layer) protocol, it will terminate the VLAN and MAC layers at the...


  • Cisco IOL Setup in ubuntu 16.04

    Cisco has internal testing tool, initialy it is named as IOU (IOS running on Unix, specificaly Solaris). Since Solaris has gone, IOU is ported to run on Intel x86 Linux, so it is called IOL now. It is a very light weight, and it is excellent tool for learning networking...


  • ARM Tech Conference 2016 - Santa Clara Conention Center

    The biggest ARM event ARM techcon took place Oct 25-27 2016 in Santa Clara convention center. I took half day to attend the exibition on Oct 27th. It is very good learning expereince. In this post, I will share my thoughts and waht are learned. Overall summary There are more...


  • Linux boot up process - sysvinit

    Booting a Linux installation involves multiple stages and software components, including firmware initialization, execution of a boot loader, loading and startup of a Linux kernel image, and execution of various startup scripts and daemons. For each of these stages and components there are different variations and approaches based on various...